Japanese Legal Terminology: A Comprehensive Guide219

The Japanese legal system is rich in nuance and tradition, and the language that it uses reflects this complexity. This guide provides an overview of the most important legal terms in Japanese, covering a wide range of topics from civil procedure to criminal law. Whether you are a legal professional, a student, or simply someone interested in Japanese culture, this guide will provide you with a valuable resource for understanding the legal landscape of Japan.

Civil Procedure

訴訟 (sosho): Lawsuit
原告 (genkoku): Plaintiff
被告 (hikoku): Defendant
請求 (seikyu): Claim
答弁 (toben): Answer
判決 (hanketsu): Judgment

Criminal Law

犯罪 (hanzai): Crime
犯人 (hannin): Criminal
被害者 (higaisha): Victim
逮捕 (taiho): Arrest
起訴 (kisoku): Indictment
有罪 (yūzai): Guilty
無罪 (muzai): Not guilty

Constitutional Law

憲法 (kenpō): Constitution
人権 (jinken): Human rights
基本権 (kihonken): Fundamental rights
三権分立 (sanken bunritsu): Separation of powers
最高裁判所 (saikō saibansho): Supreme Court

Administrative Law

行政法 (gyōsei hō): Administrative law
行政処分 (gyōsei shobun): Administrative action
行政訴訟 (gyōsei sosho): Administrative lawsuit
許認可 (kyonin ka): Permission and license
裁量権 (sairyō ken): Discretionary power

Corporate Law

会社 (kaisha): Corporation
株式会社 (kabushiki kaisha): Limited company
取締役 (torishimariyaku): Director
監査役 (kansayaku): Auditor
株主 (kabunushi): Shareholder
総会 (sōkai): General meeting of shareholders

Family Law

婚姻 (konin): Marriage
離婚 (rikon): Divorce
親子 (oyako): Parent and child
相続 (sōzoku): Inheritance
遺言書 (yuigonjo): Will
後見人 (kōkenin): Guardian

Intellectual Property Law

著作権 (chosakuken): Copyright
特許 (tokkyo): Patent
商標 (shōhyō): Trademark
意匠 (isō): Industrial design
不正競争防止法 (fusei kyōsō bōshi hō): Unfair competition prevention law

International Law

国際法 (kokusai hō): International law
国際条約 (kokusai jōyaku): International treaty
領事館 (ryōjikan): Consulate
外交特権 (gaikō tokuken): Diplomatic privilege
国際裁判所 (kokusai saibansho): International court

Other Important Legal Terms

法務局 (hōmukyoku): Legal affairs bureau
検察庁 (kensatsushō): Public prosecutor's office
弁護士 (bengoshi): Lawyer
司法警察官 (shihō keisatsukan): Judicial police officer
拘置所 (kōchisho): Detention center
刑務所 (keimusho): Prison

This is just a small sampling of the vast vocabulary of legal terms in Japanese. By understanding these terms, you will be better equipped to navigate the complexities of the Japanese legal system and communicate effectively with legal professionals in Japan.

2024-12-18

Previous：Korean Vowel Pronunciation: A Comprehensive Guide

Next：Aromatic Elegance: Unveiling the Enchanting German Word for Lavender