Reading the Korean Language: A Comprehensive Guide to Pronunciation230

The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul, is a highly systematic and phonetic writing system, making it relatively easy to pronounce Korean words. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide to Korean pronunciation, covering both consonants and vowels.

Consonants

Korean has 19 consonants, which can be divided into three categories: obstruents, sonorants, and affricates. Obstruents are sounds that are produced by blocking the airflow through the mouth, sonorants are sounds that are produced by allowing air to flow through the mouth, and affricates are sounds that are produced by a combination of obstruction and sonority.

Obstruents

Initial
Medial
Final
Example

ㄱ
ㄱ
ㄱ
가

ㄴ
ㄴ
ㄴ
나

ㄷ
ㄷ
ㄷ
다

ㄹ
ㄹ
ㄹ
라

ㅁ
ㅁ
ㅁ
마

ㅂ
ㅂ
ㅂ
바

ㅅ
ㅅ
ㅅ
사

ㅇ
ㅇ
ㅇ
아

ㅈ
ㅈ
ㅈ
자

ㅊ
ㅊ
ㅊ
차

ㅋ
ㅋ
ㅋ
카

ㅌ
ㅌ
ㅌ
타

ㅍ
ㅍ
ㅍ
파

ㅎ
ㅎ
ㅎ
하

Sonorants

Initial
Medial
Final
Example

ㄹ
ㄹ
ㄹ
라

ㅁ
ㅁ
ㅁ
마

ㅇ
ㅇ
ㅇ
아

ㄴ
ㄴ
ㄴ
나

Affricates

Initial
Medial
Final
Example

ㅈ
ㅈ
ㅈ
자

ㅊ
ㅊ
ㅊ
차

Vowels

Korean has 21 vowels, which can be divided into two categories: monophthongs and diphthongs. Monophthongs are sounds that are produced by a single vowel sound, while diphthongs are sounds that are produced by a combination of two vowel sounds.