Japanese Legal Terminology: A Comprehensive Guide154

The Japanese legal system is a complex and fascinating one, with a rich vocabulary of specialized terms. Whether you're a lawyer, a student of Japanese law, or simply interested in learning more about the subject, it's important to have a solid understanding of these terms.

In this article, we'll provide you with a comprehensive guide to Japanese legal terminology, covering everything from basic concepts to more advanced topics. We'll also provide you with a list of resources that you can use to learn more about this fascinating subject.

Basic Concepts

Let's start with some of the most basic concepts in Japanese law. These terms are essential for understanding the legal system as a whole.* 法 (hō): law
* 裁判所 (saibansho): court
* 裁判官 (saiban'kan): judge
* 検察官 (kensatsukan): prosecutor
* 弁護士 (bengoshi): attorney
* 被告人 (hikoku-nin): defendant
* 原告 (genkoku): plaintiff

Types of Courts

The Japanese legal system has a complex hierarchy of courts. Here are the main types of courts:* 最高裁判所 (saikō-saibansho): Supreme Court
* 高等裁判所 (kōtō-saibansho): High Court
* 地方裁判所 (chihō-saibansho): District Court
* 簡易裁判所 (kan'i-saibansho): Summary Court

Legal Procedures

Once you understand the basic concepts and types of courts, you can start to learn about the legal procedures involved in Japanese law. Here are some of the most common procedures:* 訴訟 (soshō): lawsuit
* 起訴 (kiso): indictment
* 審理 (shinri): trial
* 判決 (hanketsu): judgment
* 控訴 (kōso): appeal
* 上告 (jōkō): cassation

Criminal Law

Criminal law is a branch of law that deals with crimes and their punishment. Here are some of the most common terms used in Japanese criminal law:* 犯罪 (hanzai): crime
* 刑法 (keihō): Penal Code
* 殺人 (satsujin): murder
* 窃盗 (settō): theft
* 詐欺 (さぎ): fraud
* 暴行 (bōkō): assault
* 傷害 (shōgai): injury

Civil Law

Civil law is a branch of law that deals with private disputes between individuals or organizations. Here are some of the most common terms used in Japanese civil law:* 民法 (minpō): Civil Code
* 契約 (keiyaku): contract
* 債権 (saiken): debt
* 不法行為 (fuhō-kōi): tort
* 婚姻 (kon'in): marriage
* 離婚 (rikon): divorce

Administrative Law

Administrative law is a branch of law that deals with the relationship between the government and its citizens. Here are some of the most common terms used in Japanese administrative law:* 行政法 (gyōsei-hō): Administrative Law
* 行政庁 (gyōsei-chō): administrative agency
* 行政処分 (gyōsei-shobun): administrative action
* 許可 (kyoka): license
* 認可 (ninka): approval
* 命令 (meirei): order

International Law

International law is a branch of law that governs relations between nations. Here are some of the most common terms used in Japanese international law:* 国際法 (kokusai-hō): international law
* 条約 (jōyaku): treaty
* 国際連合 (kokusai-rengō): United Nations
* 国際司法裁判所 (kokusai-shihō-saibansho): International Court of Justice
* 国際刑事裁判所 (kokusai-keiji-saibansho): International Criminal Court

Resources for Learning Japanese Legal Terminology

Now that you have a basic understanding of Japanese legal terminology, you may be interested in learning more about this fascinating subject. Here are some resources that you can use:* Japanese Legal System (Ministry of Justice): /ENGLISH/information/
* Japanese Legal Vocabulary (Doshisha University): /en/global/japanese/legal-vocabulary/
* Japanese Legal Terms (Lexicool): /japanese/legal-terms/
* Japanese Law Dictionary (Japanese Study): /resources/dictionary/legal

2024-12-19

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