Spanish Imperative Rules: A Comprehensive Guide371

Introduction

The Spanish imperative is a verb form used to give commands, instructions, or requests. It is similar to the English imperative, but there are some key differences. In this article, we will discuss the rules for forming the Spanish imperative, as well as some common exceptions.

Regular Imperative Forms

The regular imperative is formed by dropping the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, or -ir) and adding the appropriate ending. For affirmative commands, the endings are as follows:

Subject Pronoun
-ar Verbs
-er Verbs
-ir Verbs


Tú (informal you)
-a
-e
-e


Vosotros (informal you all)
-ad
-ed
-id


Usted (formal you)
-e
-a
-a


Ustedes (formal you all)
-en
-an
-an

For negative commands, the endings are as follows:

Subject Pronoun
-ar Verbs
-er Verbs
-ir Verbs


Tú (informal you)
-es
-as
-as


Vosotros (informal you all)
-éis
-éis
-áis


Usted (formal you)
-e
-a
-a


Ustedes (formal you all)
-en
-an
-an

Irregular Imperative Forms

There are a few irregular verbs that have unique imperative forms. The most common irregular verbs are:

Infinitive
Affirmative Imperative
Negative Imperative


Ser (to be)
Sé (tú)
No seas (tú)


Estar (to be)
Está (tú)
No estés (tú)


Tener (to have)
Ten (tú)
No tengas (tú)


Haber (to have)
Ha (tú)
No hayas (tú)


Ir (to go)
Ve (tú)
No vayas (tú)


Hacer (to do)
Haz (tú)
No hagas (tú)


Decir (to say)
Di (tú)
No digas (tú)

Reflexive Imperatives

Reflexive verbs are verbs that are performed by the subject on oneself. To form the reflexive imperative, the reflexive pronoun is added to the end of the verb. The reflexive pronouns are:

Subject Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun


Tú (informal you)
-te


Vosotros (informal you all)
-os


Usted (formal you)
-se


Ustedes (formal you all)
-se

For example, the reflexive imperative of the verb "lavarse" (to wash oneself) is "lávate" (tú) and "lávense" (ustedes).

Exceptions

There are a few exceptions to the general rules for forming the Spanish imperative. These exceptions include:* Verbs ending in "-cer" and "-cir" drop the "-c" before adding the imperative ending.
* Verbs ending in "-gar" and "-guir" change the "g" to "gu" before adding the imperative ending.
* Verbs ending in "-car" change the "c" to "qu" before adding the imperative ending.
* Verbs ending in "-iar" change the "a" to "ie" before adding the imperative ending.

Conclusion

The Spanish imperative is a versatile verb form that can be used to give commands, instructions, or requests. By following the rules outlined in this article, you can easily and effectively use the imperative in your Spanish conversations and writings.

2025-02-20

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